The 新型冠状病毒肺炎 global pandemic rages on with some locations experiencing a spike in cases through the end of 12月 2020 and early 1月 2021. Around the world people have been dealing with the pandemic as best they can by wearing masks, 社会距离, 如果他们感染了病毒，就要进行隔离. 虽然每个人都需要在2021年继续这些预防措施一段时间, the first glimmer of hope emerged mid-12月 2020 when two vaccines began distribution and administration to health care workers and the highest risk groups living in nursing homes.
目前，有两种疫苗被批准和推荐用于预防新型冠状病毒肺炎. 其中包括辉瑞- biontech公司的新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗和Moderna公司的新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗 . 这两种疫苗都已获得美国农业部的批准.S. 食品和药物管理局(FDA)紧急使用. The emergency use authorization indicates that data on the vaccines shows that the vaccines are safe and effective.
The data for the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine has shown that the vaccine begins working soon after the first dose and has an efficacy rate of 95% seven days after the second dose . This means that about 95% of people who get the vaccine are protected from becoming seriously ill with the virus. This vaccine is for people age 16 and older and requires two injections given 21 days apart.
The data for the Moderna 新型冠状病毒肺炎 vaccine has shown that the vaccine has an efficacy rate of 94.1% . This vaccine is for people age 18 and older and requires two injections given 28 days apart.
Other pharmaceutical companies are in the process of obtaining approval for other 新型冠状病毒肺炎 vaccines. With the emergence of vaccines in record time, many questions surrounding them are being raised.
新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗开发得如此之快，我为什么要相信它?
The FDA has granted Emergency Use Authorizations (EUA) for the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna 新型冠状病毒肺炎 vaccines which have been shown to be safe and effective as determined by data from the manufacturers and findings from large clinical trials. The data demonstrates that the known and potential benefits of this vaccine outweigh the known and potential harms of becoming infected with the coronavirus disease .
两Andric, MD, 英里每小时, 首席医疗官, 棕榈滩县医疗保健区的副总裁, says it is important to understand why the vaccine was released to the public so quickly. “在大流行期间, the blind control study with the vaccine and a placebo was completed much faster than other trials since so many volunteers were willing to participate. 结果，所需的3万至4万名参与者很快就排好了队. 社区里有这么多病毒, researchers were then able to identify enough cases of the virus in the placebo group and absence of the virus in the vaccine control group to prove that it works. 另外, the manufacturers were willing to take the risk to begin producing the vaccine prior to the completion of the studies. 与一种典型的疫苗相比，这加快了时间.”
新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗可能有哪些副作用?
新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗在第一剂或第二剂后可能会产生轻微的副作用. 这些副作用包括:
•注射部位疼痛、发红或肿胀
•热
•疲劳
•头痛
•肌肉疼痛
•发冷
•关节疼痛
People who receive the vaccine will likely be monitored for 15 minutes after receiving it to see if they have an immediate reaction. 通常, side effects happen within the first three days after vaccination and generally last only one to two days.
“我在与病人的讨论中发现, 他们中的一些人甚至不明白疫苗是如何起作用的,Jennifer dorc - medard说, DO, 医疗保健区农村地区的副首席医疗官, 急诊教学医院, 在接受了两剂新冠病毒疫苗中的第一剂后，她来到了湖边医疗中心. "And sometimes it’s just having that one-on-one with your physician to answer your questions that is important."
儿童能接种新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗吗?
目前，没有针对16岁以下儿童的新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗. Several companies have begun enrolling children as young as age 12 in 新型冠状病毒肺炎 vaccine clinical trials. 包括年幼儿童在内的研究将很快开始.
孕妇或哺乳期妇女能接种新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗吗?
There is no research on the safety of 新型冠状病毒肺炎 vaccines in pregnant or breastfeeding women. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should speak to their health care provider about the risks and benefits.
有严重过敏反应史的人能接种新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗吗?
If someone has a history of severe allergic reactions that are not related to vaccines or injectable medications, 他们可能仍然会接种新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗. 然后在接种疫苗后对他们进行30分钟的监测.
If someone has had a severe allergic reaction to other vaccines or injectable medications, then they should speak with their doctor about whether they should receive a 新型冠状病毒肺炎 vaccine. If someone has ever had a severe allergic reaction to any ingredient in a 新型冠状病毒肺炎 vaccine, 疾控中心建议不要接种含有这些成分的特定疫苗. Anyone who experiences a severe allergic reaction after receiving the first dose of a 新型冠状病毒肺炎 vaccine should not receive the second dose.
接种疫苗后是否会传播病毒?
The Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna 新型冠状病毒肺炎 vaccines do not have the live virus and won’t infect people or enable them to transmit the virus to others.
已经感染新型冠状病毒肺炎的人应该接种新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗吗?
People who have already been infected with the 新型冠状病毒肺炎 virus may experience some natural protection or immunity from reinfection. 然而，目前还不清楚这种保护能持续多久. 因此, 因为再次感染是可能的，而且病毒会导致其他医疗并发症, it is recommended that people who have already had 新型冠状病毒肺炎 wait 90 days after their diagnosis and also receive the 新型冠状病毒肺炎 vaccine.
Does someone who receives the 新型冠状病毒肺炎 vaccine still need to take safety precautions like wearing a mask?
As we continue to learn more about the protection that a 新型冠状病毒肺炎 vaccine provides and how long immunity lasts, 我们仍然需要采取安全预防措施，比如戴口罩, 保持社交距离, 洗手, 生病的时候呆在家里.
Safety precautions combined with a growing population who receive the vaccine will reduce the spread of the virus in the community and eventually allow for the relaxation of some of the safety precautions.
“These vaccines are the greatest achievement in modern medicine in the last 100 years,” said Dr. Andric. “这是医学奇迹. We are privileged to live in a modern time and be able to react so quickly to the pandemic. I feel obligated to receive the vaccine myself in order to protect those more vulnerable to the virus, 比如老年人和慢性病患者.”
随着越来越多的人接种疫苗，感染的风险将继续降低, 使病毒更难传播. 我们的目标是让疫苗让我们在2021年恢复一定程度的正常.